•When carbohydrates alone are burned, an RQ of 1.0 is obtained.
•The lowest obtainable RQ under normal conditions is 0.71, representing the oxidative metabolism of fats only.
•RQ intermediate between these figures indicates the combustion of a mixture of foodstuffs.
•Normally, when a mixed diet is metabolized, the RQ is about 0.85.
•Under abnormal conditions, the limits of 0.71 and 1.0 may be exceeded in both direction.
•In uncontrolled diabetes the RQ will be close to 0.7, indicating that much of the combustion is derived from fats. (Normal utilization of carbohydrates would shift the RQ closer to 1.0).
•In severe uncontrolled diabetes, RQ as low as 0.63 have been reported. This indicates that some of the absorbed oxygen was not used for the production of CO2 and H2O and reflects the conversion of amino acids to glucose (for which oxygen is needed, since the glucose molecule contains more oxygen than the amino acid molecules) and the subsequent excretion and loss of this glucose in the diabetic’s urine.
•One of the most striking results of insulin treatment is that the RQ increases, showing that carbohydrates are again being utilized for energy purposes.
•RQ higher than 1.0 may be found in conditions where excessive amounts of carbohydrates are utilized, to the practical exclusion of fats and proteins, and where glucose is converted into fat and deposited as such in the body.
•In this case a substance rich in oxygen is converted into one containing less, with a net release of oxygen which is available for the metabolic needs of the body without inhalation.
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